@font-face{font-family:Source Serif;src:url('assets/fonts/serif-roman.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:200 900;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:Source Serif;src:url('assets/fonts/serif-italic.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:italic;font-weight:200 900;font-display:swap}
@font-face{font-family:Inter;src:url('assets/fonts/sans.woff2') format('woff2');font-style:normal;font-weight:100 900;font-display:swap}
:root{--paper:#fafaf7;--ink:#2c3034;--muted:#6e747a;--light:#858990;--line:#dddfda;--accent:#385c86;--wash:#f0f2f2;--serif:'Source Serif',Georgia,serif;--sans:Inter,Arial,sans-serif;--body-size:1rem}
*{box-sizing:border-box}
html{scroll-behavior:smooth;scroll-padding-top:2.5rem}
body{margin:0;background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--serif);font-size:var(--body-size);line-height:1.6;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;font-optical-sizing:auto}
::selection{background:#dce6ed;color:#21374f}
a{color:var(--accent);text-underline-offset:.19em;text-decoration-thickness:1px}
a:hover{text-decoration-color:currentColor}
button{font:inherit;color:inherit}
button,a{-webkit-tap-highlight-color:transparent}
:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--accent);outline-offset:5px;border-radius:2px}
[tabindex='-1']:focus{outline:none}
button{cursor:pointer}
svg{display:block}
.skip-link{position:fixed;top:-70px;left:1rem;z-index:100;background:var(--paper);padding:.5rem 1rem}
.skip-link:focus{top:1rem}
.reading-progress{height:2px;position:fixed;top:0;left:0;background:var(--accent);width:0;z-index:40}
.site-header{width:min(100% - 96px,1328px);height:106px;margin:auto;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;font-family:var(--sans)}
.identity{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:19px;text-decoration:none;color:var(--ink)}
.brand-mark{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:2.55rem;line-height:1;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-5px;padding-right:7px}
.brand-mark>span{color:var(--accent)}
.brand-name{font-size:.925rem;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:-.02em;white-space:nowrap}
.brand-divider{margin:0 14px;color:#c0c2bc;font-weight:300}
.brand-subtitle{font-weight:400;color:var(--muted)}
.site-nav{display:flex;gap:32px;align-items:center;font-size:.8125rem}
.site-nav a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none;padding:5px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink)}
.header-caption{color:var(--muted);font-size:.75rem}
.reader-layout{width:min(100% - 96px,1200px);margin:69px auto 0;display:grid;grid-template-columns:160px minmax(0,680px) 200px;gap:56px;justify-content:center;align-items:start}
.contents-rail{height:100%;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;min-width:0}
.contents-sticky{position:sticky;top:64px;padding-top:7px}
.back-link{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:.75rem;display:inline-block;margin-bottom:66px}
.back-link::before{content:'';display:inline-block;width:6px;height:6px;border-left:1px solid currentColor;border-bottom:1px solid currentColor;transform:rotate(45deg);margin-right:9px;vertical-align:1px}
.eyebrow{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;line-height:1.5;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.115em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:0}
.table-of-contents h2{margin:0 0 23px;font-size:.6875rem}
.table-of-contents ol,.mobile-contents ol{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}
.table-of-contents li{margin:0 0 16px}
.table-of-contents a{display:grid;grid-template-columns:21px 1fr;gap:9px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.65;transition:color .18s}
.table-of-contents a>span{font-size:.65rem;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;line-height:1.95;color:#8b9195}
.table-of-contents a:hover,.table-of-contents a[aria-current='location']{color:var(--accent)}
.table-of-contents a[aria-current='location']>span{color:var(--accent)}
.rail-meta{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:32px;padding-top:20px;display:grid;gap:3px;color:var(--light);font-size:.6875rem}
.rail-progress{height:2px;background:#e9eae5;width:100%;margin-top:19px}
.rail-progress-fill{display:block;height:100%;width:0;background:#9aaabb}
.paper{min-width:0}
.article-kicker{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:15px;margin-bottom:20px;min-height:25px}
.article-kicker .eyebrow{color:var(--accent);font-size:.6875rem}
.sample-label{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.625rem;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:3px;padding:2px 6px;line-height:1.5}
h1{font-weight:450;font-size:2.5rem;line-height:1.12;letter-spacing:-.035em;margin:0 0 18px;text-wrap:balance}
.dek{font-size:1.125rem;line-height:1.55;font-weight:400;color:var(--muted);max-width:580px;margin:0 0 25px;text-wrap:pretty;letter-spacing:-.015em}
.article-meta{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:11px;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted)}
.article-meta>span:first-child{color:var(--ink)}
.meta-separator{color:#a5aaa9}
.mobile-read-time{display:none}
.article-tools{border-top:1px solid var(--line);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:28px;min-height:51px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:space-between;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted)}
.paper-label,.article-tools>div{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:12px}
.paper-label>svg{width:17px;height:17px;margin-right:0}
.article-tools>div{gap:22px}
.source-link,.print-button{display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none;font-size:.6875rem;padding:8px 0}
.print-button{border:0;background:transparent}
.print-button svg,.source-link svg{width:16px;height:16px}
.source-link:hover,.print-button:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.tex-mark{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:.85rem;letter-spacing:-.13em;padding-right:3px}
.tex-e{display:inline-block;transform:translateY(2px);font-size:.75em}
.abstract{margin:30px 0 36px;padding:0 0 0 22px;border-left:2px solid #b5bfcb}
.abstract h2{margin-bottom:12px;color:var(--accent)}
.abstract p{margin:0;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.6;color:#525961;text-wrap:pretty}
.paper-body{position:relative;display:flow-root}
.revision-note{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.7;color:var(--muted);margin:16px 0 0}
.revision-note strong{font-weight:500;color:var(--ink)}
.paper-body p{margin:0 0 1em;text-wrap:pretty}
.paper-body h2{font-size:1.3125rem;font-weight:550;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.02em;margin:2em 0 .75em;scroll-margin-top:2.5rem}
.paper-body>h2:first-child{margin-top:0}
.section-number{font-size:.75rem;font-family:var(--sans);font-weight:400;letter-spacing:0;color:var(--light);margin-right:13px;position:relative;top:-1px}
.paper-body h3{font-size:1.0625rem;font-weight:550;line-height:1.35;margin:1.5em 0 .5em;letter-spacing:-.015em}
.paper-body strong{font-weight:600}
.paper-body blockquote{border-left:2px solid #b5bfcb;margin:1.7em 0;padding:0 0 0 24px;color:#59626c;font-style:italic}
.paper-body ul,.paper-body ol{padding-left:1.5em}
.paper-body li{margin:.45em 0}
.paper-body a:not(.note-ref):not(.equation-number){text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid #c4d0dd}
.paper-body a:hover{color:#27405e;border-bottom-color:var(--accent)}
.note-ref{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6em;position:relative;top:-.5em;line-height:0;margin-left:.18em;text-decoration:none;font-weight:500;scroll-margin-top:150px}
.note-ref::before{content:'';position:absolute;inset:-12px -5px}
.margin-header{padding-top:64px;color:var(--muted)}
.margin-header .eyebrow{font-size:.625rem;color:var(--light)}
.margin-header p{font-size:.95rem;line-height:1.55;font-style:italic;margin-top:14px;color:#878b8d}
.margin-rule{width:28px;height:1px;background:#c2c8cb;display:block;margin-top:22px}
.margin-notes{border-top:1px solid var(--line);margin-top:2rem;padding-top:1rem}
.margin-note{font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.55;color:var(--muted);margin:1rem 0;scroll-margin-top:100px;overflow-wrap:break-word}
.note-number{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.625rem;color:var(--accent);text-decoration:none!important;border:0!important;font-variant-numeric:tabular-nums;display:block;margin-bottom:7px}
.margin-note p{margin:0 0 .7em}
.margin-note p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}
.margin-note .katex{font-size:1.02em}
.notes-enhanced .margin-notes{border:0;margin:0;padding:0}
.notes-enhanced .notes-heading{display:none}
.notes-enhanced .margin-note{position:absolute;left:calc(100% + 56px);width:200px;margin:0}
.note-connectors{position:absolute;inset:0;overflow:visible;pointer-events:none;width:100%;height:100%;color:#c6cdd2}
.margin-note:target{color:var(--ink)}
.equation{display:flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;position:relative;margin:1.1em 0 1.2em;max-width:100%;scroll-margin-top:80px}
.equation-body{display:block;overflow-x:auto;min-width:0;flex:1;padding:3px 0 7px;scrollbar-width:thin;text-align:center}
.katex-display{margin:0!important}
.katex{font-size:1.04em!important}
.equation-number{font-family:var(--serif);font-size:.875rem;color:var(--light);text-decoration:none;flex-shrink:0;min-width:27px;text-align:right}
figure{margin:2.1em 0 1.8em}
figure img{display:block;width:100%;height:auto;border:1px solid #e2e5e2;border-radius:2px}
figcaption{font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin-top:15px;text-wrap:pretty}
figcaption p{margin:0!important}
figcaption strong{font-weight:550;color:#515a61}
pre{background:var(--wash);padding:16px 18px;overflow-x:auto;border:1px solid var(--line);font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.6;border-radius:3px}
code{font-size:.85em}
.table-scroll{overflow:auto;max-width:100%;margin:1.5em 0}
table{width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:.9375rem}
th,td{text-align:left;padding:9px 14px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
th{border-top:1.5px solid var(--ink);border-bottom:1.5px solid var(--ink);font-weight:600}
.citation{color:var(--accent);font-size:.83em;white-space:nowrap}
.citation a{border:0!important;scroll-margin-top:120px}
.citation a:hover{background:#e5ebf0}
.citation-preview{position:fixed;z-index:50;width:320px;max-width:calc(100vw - 32px);background:#fff;border:1px solid #d9dfe4;box-shadow:0 6px 30px #20304312;padding:18px 20px;border-radius:4px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.45;pointer-events:none;color:var(--ink)}
.citation-preview strong{display:block;font-weight:550;margin:7px 0 10px}
.citation-preview .preview-meta{font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted);font-family:var(--sans);line-height:1.6;display:block}
.citation-preview .preview-hint{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.625rem;color:var(--accent);display:block;margin-top:12px}
.csl-bib-body{border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding-top:6px}
.csl-entry{position:relative;font-size:.8125rem;line-height:1.55;padding:14px 0 14px 27px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);overflow-wrap:anywhere;scroll-margin-top:40px}
.csl-entry .csl-left-margin{position:absolute;left:0;color:var(--light);font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;top:22px}
.csl-entry .csl-right-inline{display:inline}
.csl-entry em{font-style:normal;font-weight:550}
.csl-entry .reference-title{border:0!important;color:var(--ink)}
.csl-entry .reference-title:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.csl-entry .paper-link{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;margin-left:2px;white-space:nowrap}
.reference-backlinks{display:block;margin-top:7px}
.reference-back{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.625rem;color:var(--muted);border:0!important;margin-right:15px}
.cite-this{margin:48px 0 0;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}
.cite-this h2{margin:0 0 14px}
.cite-block{margin:0 0 16px}
.cite-text{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.55;overflow-wrap:anywhere}
.cite-bibtex{margin:0 0 6px;font-size:.75rem;line-height:1.55;white-space:pre;overflow-x:auto}
.cite-bibtex code{font-size:1em}
.cite-actions{display:flex;gap:18px;align-items:center}
.copy-button,.cite-actions a{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;color:var(--accent);background:none;border:0;padding:6px 0;cursor:pointer;text-decoration:none}
.copy-button:hover,.cite-actions a:hover{text-decoration:underline}
.article-end{text-align:center;margin:50px 0 0;color:var(--muted);font-size:.8125rem}
.article-end .end-mark{font-size:1rem;color:#9aa2a6}
.article-end p{margin:9px 0}
.article-end>a{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;text-decoration:none}
.site-footer{width:min(100% - 96px,1328px);margin:90px auto 0;border-top:1px solid var(--line);padding:26px 0 38px;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted)}
.site-footer a{color:var(--muted);text-decoration:none}
.footer-dot{margin:0 6px}
.mobile-contents{display:none}
.archive{width:min(100% - 48px,800px);margin:110px auto 0;min-height:60vh}
.archive>h1{font-size:3rem;margin:22px 0;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.045em}
.archive-intro{color:var(--muted);max-width:430px;font-size:1.0625rem;margin:0 0 56px}
.archive-heading{border-bottom:1px solid var(--ink);display:flex;justify-content:space-between;align-items:baseline;padding-bottom:17px}
.archive-heading h2{font-size:1.25rem;font-weight:500;margin:0}
.archive-heading>span{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted)}
.archive-entry{display:grid;grid-template-columns:40px 1fr;gap:22px;padding:38px 0 42px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}
.archive-number{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;color:var(--light);padding-top:3px}
.archive-entry h3{font-size:1.4rem;font-weight:500;line-height:1.3;letter-spacing:-.025em;margin:13px 0 9px}
.archive-entry h3 a{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:none}
.archive-entry h3 a:hover{color:var(--accent)}
.archive-entry p:not(.eyebrow){font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.6;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 20px}
.archive-entry-meta{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.6875rem;color:var(--muted);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:12px;row-gap:4px}
.without-abstract{margin-top:38px}
.table-of-contents{max-height:calc(100dvh - 330px);overflow-y:auto;scrollbar-width:thin;padding-right:5px}
.site-footer nav{display:flex;gap:20px}
.elsewhere{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;color:var(--muted);margin:30px 0}
.elsewhere a{text-decoration:none}
.search-label{display:block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.875rem;margin:30px 0 10px;color:var(--muted)}
.search-input{font:inherit;width:100%;background:transparent;border:1px solid #bdc5c9;border-radius:3px;padding:12px 16px;color:var(--ink);appearance:none}
.search-input::placeholder{color:var(--light)}
.search-status{font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.8125rem;color:var(--muted);min-height:25px}
.archive-entry[hidden]{display:none}
.topic-list{list-style:none;padding:0;font-size:1.15rem;line-height:2.2;text-transform:capitalize}
.topic-list a{text-decoration:none}
@media screen{.eyebrow,.article-kicker .eyebrow,.table-of-contents h2{font-size:.75rem}.table-of-contents a{font-size:.8125rem}.table-of-contents a>span{font-size:.6875rem}.article-meta,.source-link,.print-button,.paper-label,.archive-entry-meta,.rail-meta,.site-footer{font-size:.75rem}.sample-label{font-size:.6875rem}.site-nav{font-size:.875rem}.source-link,.print-button{min-height:44px}}
@media(min-width:1450px){.reader-layout{margin-top:84px}}
@media(max-width:1199px){.reader-layout{grid-template-columns:minmax(0,680px) 190px;gap:48px;max-width:930px}.contents-rail{display:none}.notes-enhanced .margin-note{left:calc(100% + 48px);width:190px}.mobile-contents{display:block;font-family:var(--sans);font-size:.75rem;margin:21px 0;color:var(--muted)}.mobile-contents summary{cursor:pointer;padding:7px 0;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;list-style:none}.mobile-contents summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}.mobile-contents summary>span{font-size:.625rem;color:var(--light)}.mobile-contents summary>span::after{content:'+';font-size:1rem;margin-left:13px;vertical-align:-1px}.mobile-contents[open] summary>span::after{content:'−'}.mobile-contents nav{padding:14px 0;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}.mobile-contents li{margin-bottom:10px}.mobile-contents a{text-decoration:none}.mobile-contents a span{display:inline-block;min-width:26px;color:var(--light);font-size:.6875rem}.abstract{margin-top:28px}.mobile-read-time{display:inline}.mobile-read-time::before{content:'·';margin-right:11px;color:#a5aaa9}.header-caption{display:none}}
@media(max-width:900px){.site-header{width:calc(100% - 48px);height:88px}.reader-layout{display:block;width:min(100% - 48px,680px);margin-top:47px}.margin-header{display:none}.notes-enhanced .margin-note{position:static;width:auto;background:#f0f2f1;border-left:2px solid #adbcca;padding:15px 19px;margin:5px 0 24px;font-size:.9375rem}.notes-enhanced .margin-note[hidden]{display:none}.note-connectors{display:none}.note-number{font-size:.6875rem;margin-bottom:7px}.site-footer{width:calc(100% - 48px)}.site-footer>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.article-kicker{margin-bottom:18px}.notes-enhanced .note-ref[aria-expanded='true']{color:var(--ink);text-decoration:underline}.archive{margin-top:65px}}
@media(max-width:520px){:root{--body-size:1rem}.site-header{width:calc(100% - 40px);height:77px}.identity{gap:13px}.brand-mark{font-size:2.15rem}.brand-name{font-size:.8125rem}.brand-divider{margin:0 9px}.brand-subtitle{font-size:.75rem}.site-nav{font-size:.75rem}.reader-layout{width:calc(100% - 44px);margin-top:34px}h1{font-size:2.05rem;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.03em;margin-bottom:16px}.dek{font-size:1.0625rem;line-height:1.55}.article-kicker{gap:10px}.article-kicker .eyebrow{font-size:.625rem}.sample-label{font-size:.5625rem}.article-meta{font-size:.625rem;gap:8px}.mobile-read-time::before{margin-right:8px}.article-tools{margin-top:24px}.abstract{padding-left:17px;margin-bottom:34px}.abstract p{font-size:.9375rem;line-height:1.6}.paper-body h2{font-size:1.2rem;line-height:1.35;margin-top:1.8em}.section-number{font-size:.6875rem;margin-right:10px}.paper-body h3{font-size:1.0625rem}.equation{font-size:.9em;gap:5px;margin:1.1em 0}.equation-number{font-size:.75rem;min-width:22px}.paper-body p{margin-bottom:1em}.margin-note{font-size:.875rem}.site-footer{width:calc(100% - 44px);margin-top:62px;font-size:.625rem;padding-top:20px}.archive{margin-top:50px}.archive>h1{font-size:2.4rem}.archive-intro{font-size:1rem;margin-bottom:44px}.archive-entry{grid-template-columns:23px 1fr;gap:14px}.archive-entry h3{font-size:1.25rem}figcaption{font-size:.8125rem}}
@media(prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}*{transition:none!important}}
@media(max-width:400px){.article-tools>div{gap:14px}.source-link svg{display:none}}
@media print{@page{size:A4;margin:20mm 21mm}.copy-button,.cite-actions{display:none!important}.cite-this{break-inside:avoid}html{scroll-behavior:auto}body{background:white;font-size:10.5pt;line-height:1.55;color:#111}.site-header,.site-footer,.contents-rail,.margin-header,.article-tools,.mobile-contents,.reading-progress,.citation-preview,.note-connectors,.article-end{display:none!important}.reader-layout{display:block;width:100%;margin:0}.paper{width:100%}h1{font-size:30pt}.dek{font-size:13pt}.abstract{margin:20pt 0}.abstract p{font-size:10.5pt}.article-meta{font-size:8pt}.paper-body h2{font-size:16pt;break-after:avoid}.paper-body h3{break-after:avoid}.equation,figure,.csl-entry{break-inside:avoid}.paper-body p{orphans:3;widows:3}.notes-enhanced .margin-note,.margin-note[hidden]{display:block!important;position:static;width:auto;border:0;background:none;padding:0;margin:10pt 0;font-size:9pt}.notes-enhanced .margin-notes{border-top:1px solid #bbb;margin-top:20pt;padding-top:10pt}.notes-heading{display:block!important;font-size:14pt!important}.margin-note .note-number{display:inline}.note-ref{color:#333}.equation-body{overflow:visible}.csl-entry{font-size:8.5pt}.reference-backlinks{display:none}.article-kicker{margin-bottom:12pt}.sample-label{font-size:7pt}a{color:#222!important}.katex{font-size:1em!important}}
